Opus 4.8 output degenerates into unbounded single-token repetition ("court" loop), burning usage credits

Status Open
Reported on v2.1.209
Maintainer reply None cached
Activity 0 comments · opened Jul 21, 2026

Environment

  • Claude Code version: 2.1.209 (Windows 11 Home 10.0.26200, desktop/CLI)
  • Model: claude-opus-4-8 (switched from claude-fable-5 mid-session)
  • Session ID: a9d99ed7-a5e6-45b7-a73d-6ee104aa2c70

Bug description

After switching the session model to Opus 4.8, assistant output repeatedly degenerated into an unbounded repetition of the single token "court" — thousands of consecutive repetitions with no other content, continuing until manually interrupted. This happened multiple times in the same session.

The same session running on Fable 5 (before and after the switch) never exhibited this.

Context / likely trigger

The session is a long-running orchestration workflow with an extremely repetitive turn structure: hundreds of near-identical cycles of (capture tmux pane output → request command approval → short status report). The degeneration started after this repetitive history had accumulated and persisted across turns; degenerate output already present in the history appeared to make recurrence more likely. /compact cleared the contaminated history.

Separately, in the same degraded state the model also failed to execute shell-helper commands that work reliably on Fable 5, suggesting general output-quality collapse rather than a one-off sampling glitch.

Impact

  • Thousands of output tokens of pure single-token repetition were generated and billed as usage credits with zero utility.
  • The work session was blocked (the loop had to be interrupted manually, repeatedly).

Expected behavior

  • The runtime should detect and halt pathological single-token repetition loops (e.g. an n-gram/entropy guard on streaming output) instead of letting them run until user interruption.
  • Usage caused by such degenerate output should not be billed; I have contacted support separately regarding the credit consumption.

Notes

Happy to provide the full transcript to Anthropic privately if useful — the session ID above should locate it.

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