Malformed image in Read tool poisons session — `400 Could not process image` loops indefinitely

Bug: malformed image in Read poisons session — API Error: 400 Could not process image loops forever

Repo: anthropics/claude-code
Severity: High — session becomes fully unrecoverable; user must abandon context.
Date hit: 2026-05-04
Model: Opus 4.7 (1M context). Also reproduced after /model swap — switching models did not clear the error.

Summary

When the Read tool ingests a PNG that the Anthropic API later refuses (400 invalid_request_error: "Could not process image"), the bad image stays in the conversation history. Every subsequent turn — including plain text replies, resume, and model switches via /model — re-sends that history, so every turn fails with the same 400. The session is bricked with no in-CLI recovery path.

Reproduction

1. In a Playwright project, run a spec that produces a trace.zip under test-results/.
2. Extract the trace and ask Claude to Read the PNG screenshots inside resources/ (these are often very small — the ones that triggered this were 5,840 B and 7,256 B). Some of these files appear to be malformed/empty thumbnails that the vision endpoint rejects.
3. The Read call returns:

``
API Error: 400 {"type":"error","error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"Could not process image"},"request_id":"req_011CahbiTBcqL8xJyfbriq4F"}
``

1. Every subsequent input fails identically:

• resume → 400 same error
• /model swap to Opus 4.7 (1M) → succeeds, but next resume → 400 same error
• Free-text message ("you cant process videos") → 400 same error
• Asking for a bug report ("create a bug report for claude code") → 400 same error

1. Only escape: kill the session and start fresh.

Request IDs from the loop (for log correlation):

• req_011CahbiTBcqL8xJyfbriq4F
• req_011Cahbo9goFXVH1HVh9nFbc
• req_011CahbpQ8V4qNUG8TASgdVA
• req_011CahbuLDEWE71SN6sF2Gn8
• req_011CahbuyYYoZL7njU9ZBji5
• req_011CahbwMTSgtNh4FEdRBjgS

Expected behaviour

At least one of:

1. Validate at the Read tool boundary. If the file is an image and the vision API would reject it (zero-byte, malformed, unsupported subtype, too small, etc.), surface a tool-level error instead of attaching the image content to the next request. The tool result can say "image could not be loaded" without poisoning the history.
2. Recover from a poisoned turn. If a turn fails with 400 Could not process image, the harness should detect the image-related failure code and offer to drop the offending image attachment(s) from the transcript before retrying — similar to how compaction works.
3. /model and resume should at minimum let the user trim history. Right now both still re-submit the broken context.

Actual behaviour

• Bad image is silently retained.
• Every subsequent turn re-submits the bad image and fails with the same 400.
• No CLI affordance to inspect, edit, or strip the offending message.
• /model succeeds (settings change, no model call) but does not clear the poison; the next inference call fails again.
• Session is effectively dead; user loses all in-conversation state.

Impact

• Lost work: any uncommitted plan, todos, or partial reasoning in the session is unrecoverable.
• Trivially triggered: Playwright tracing produces these tiny PNGs by default, and any agent that follows traces to find evidence will hit this. Likely also reproducible with other malformed/edge-case images (HEIC, tiny GIFs, corrupt PNGs).
• Silent class of failure: nothing in the Read call indicates the image will be rejected by the next inference call — the failure surfaces one turn later.

Suggested fix priority

1. Tool-level pre-validation on Read for image attachments (cheap, catches the common case).
2. Harness-level recovery when an inference call fails with an image-related 400 — strip the most recent image attachment(s) and retry, surfacing what happened to the user.

Environment

• Platform: darwin (macOS), Darwin 25.4.0
• Shell: zsh
• Model: Opus 4.7 (1M context) — claude-opus-4-7[1m]
• Project: Playwright E2E suite, traces from test-results/nl-nl-checkout-*