[FEATURE] Expose rate limits in --output-format json (--print mode)

Preflight Checklist

• [x] I have searched existing requests and this feature hasn't been requested yet
• [x] This is a single feature request (not multiple features)

Problem Statement

I run a batch automation script that resolves multiple tickets sequentially using claude -p --output-format json. Between each ticket, the script needs to decide whether to continue, pause until the hourly reset, or stop entirely to preserve weekly quota for interactive work.

Today the script is blind to rate limits — it can only detect failures reactively. There is no way to read rate limit data outside of interactive mode.

Proposed Solution

Add a rate_limits field to the --output-format json output, reusing the same data already exposed to the statusline:

 {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
   "type": "result",                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
   "result": "...",                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
   "total_cost_usd": 0.42,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    "rate_limits": {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
      "five_hour": {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
        "used_percentage": 45,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
        "resets_at": 1774112400                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
      },                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
      "seven_day": {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
        "used_percentage": 30,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
        "resets_at": 1774540800                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
      }                                                       
    }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  }

Alternative Solutions

• Reading the statusline JSON via a side-channel (temp file), but the statusline doesn't run in --print mode
• Making a raw API call to read rate limit headers, but this doesn't work with OAuth/Max authentication
• Detecting rate limit errors reactively after they happen (current workaround — wasteful and fragile)

Priority

Medium - Would be very helpful

Feature Category

CLI commands and flags

Use Case Example

1. I run batch-resolve.sh 101 102 103 104 105 to resolve 5 tickets sequentially
2. After each claude -p "/resolve #N" --output-format json, the script reads rate_limits from the JSON output
3. If five_hour.used_percentage > 70% → sleep until five_hour.resets_at
4. If weekly daily budget exceeded → stop the batch to preserve quota for interactive work
5. Otherwise → continue to next ticket

Additional Context

_No response_